Adverse drug reactions and patients' outcomes in Moroccan tuberculosis cases

Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem. Its treatment usually involves a combination of antibiotics over a prolonged period, exposing patients to a range of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Aim To investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of tuberculosis patients in Rabat (Morocco), with particular emphasis on assessing the ADRs of treatment and factors contributing to their occurrence. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Moulay Youssef Hospital in Rabat, from January 2021 to May 2022. Only patients hospitalized in the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment, with known HIV status, and aged 15 or over were included. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentations, manifestations of ADRs, and patient outcomes were analyzed. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with ADR occurrence. Results In this study, 144 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 45.82±19.26 years. A male predominance was observed with a sex ratio of 1.4. Almost one-third of the patients (31.5%) experienced at least one ADR during treatment, with gastrointestinal symptoms (50%) being prominent. Logistic regression identified higher ADR incidence in females (p-value=0.046, OR=2.123; 95%CI: 1.013-4.448) and patients with addictive habits (p-value=0.019, OR=3.358; 95%CI:1.478-8.419). Treatment success was observed in 64.58% of the cases, with ADRs showing no significant difference between patients with successful treatment and those with failed treatment. Conclusion The occurrence of ADR poses a significant challenge to tuberculosis patients, highlighting the need for personalized approaches to mitigate these complications and ensure treatment success.