Antibacterial susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium isolates from Alborz bird's garden: Insights into evolution and transmission dynamics

Background and objectives This study aimed to isolate and identify Mycobacterium strains from the bird population at Alborz Bird Park, as well as from personnel working in the vicinity. Mycobacterium is a historically significant zoonotic pathogen that poses a serious threat to both humans and various bird species. Materials and methods A total of ninety samples of bird feces from different species were collected from CHAMRAN Bird's Park in Alborz province. These samples underwent decontamination, culture, antibacterial susceptibility testing, and PCR analysis. Results PCR analysis revealed that 33 out of 42 suspected Mycobacterium isolates from birds tested positive for the Mycobacterium genus. No Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was detected. The presence of Mycobacterium avium complex was confirmed in 21 isolates, and 16 samples were identified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Additionally, 12 isolates were identified as non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Conclusion The presence of Mycobacterium avium complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the bird population highlights the increasing prevalence of NTM infections, particularly in regions with effective tuberculosis control programs. Mycobacterium infections represent a significant threat to individuals with AIDS, ranking as the second leading cause of infectious mortality in this population.