Community-based assessment of Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy among household contacts living with index pulmonary TB patient in rural Delhi

Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) poses a substantial risk for developing active TB, making TPT crucial for TB control. This study assesses the initiation and completion rates of TPT among household contacts of TB patients and reasons for non-initiation and non-completion. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in areas served by the DOTS center under RHTC, Najafgarh. The study included 430 household contacts of pulmonary TB patients registered from January 2022 to December 2022. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. Results Out of 430 participants, 220 (51.2%) were aware of TPT and only 202 (46.9%) of all potential household contacts were screened for active TB. Among the aware HHCs (220), 188(85.4%) were initiated on TPT and among those who were initiated on TPT, 125(66.5%) completed their treatment. In comparison, 59(31.4%) were lost to follow-up, and 4(2.1%) discontinued due to side effects. The primary reason for non-initiation was not feeling the need for TPT 29(90.6%), and for non-completion of treatment, it was unavailability of medicine 32(50.8%). Conclusion There is a need for increasing awareness about TPT and a focus on systematic screening for TPT among HHCs of pulmonary TB patients. Proper implementation of government initiatives and monitoring are vital for improving TPT initiation and completion rates.