Clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of the WHO-recommended advanced HIV disease package of care

Background In sub-Saharan Africa, 20-40% of people living with HIV present with advanced HIV disease (AHD), which can be diagnosed, treated, and prevented using a package of care recommended by WHO. We aimed to project the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the WHO-recommended AHD package in Malawi. Methods Using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications-International model, we simulated a cohort of non-hospitalised people living with HIV (aged >19 years) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), 25% of whom had AHD (CD4 count Findings ART only resulted in life expectancy of 17·45 undiscounted QALYs and discounted lifetime costs of $1450. All other strategies would increase both QALYs and costs. The WHO-recommended AHD package would result in the greatest life expectancy (19·30 undiscounted QALYs) and be cost-effective (ICER $580 per QALY). AHD prevalence and intervention efficacy had the greatest influence on ICERs; however, the WHO-recommended AHD package would remain cost-effective over a wide range of estimates. Interpretation The WHO-recommended AHD package of care at ART initiation would provide substantial clinical benefits and be cost-effective in Malawi. This package for AHD should be made widely available in Malawi and similar settings. Funding WHO, the HIV Modelling Consortium within the Institute for Global Health at University College London, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Massachusetts General Hospital Jerome and Celia Reich Endowed Scholar in HIV/AIDS Research Award, and the Steve and Deborah Gorlin Massachusetts General Hospital Research Scholars Award. Translation For the Chichewa translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.