Nano-Enabled Effective Tuberculosis Treatments: A Concise Overview

Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe respiratory infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ), which puts enormous pressure on public health and economic systems worldwide. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and timely intervention of TB are critical for interrupting disease transmission and reducing mortality among TB patients. However, the low bioavailability, inadequate targeting, and significant adverse side effects of conventional antibiotics and the emergence of the multidrug-resistant M.tb strain result in limited TB treatment efficacy or even the development of multidrug-resistant TB. The development of nanomaterials provides new perspectives to improve the drawbacks of antibiotics for improved TB treatment, while enabling the diagnosis of TB. Herein, we review the conventional and nanotechnology-based diagnosis and intervention strategy of TB and the currently developed novel methods to solve the TB dilemma.