[Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents]

Objective To analyze the operable forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, structure of surgical interventions, and effectiveness of surgical treatment in children and adolescents. Material and methods We analyzed surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in 423 children and adolescents between 2012 and 2023. Low-traumatic invasive surgical methods were a part of comprehensive treatment including antituberculous therapy. Results Segmental (including anatomical) lung resections were performed in 39.9% of cases, resection of intrathoracic lymph nodes - 21.3%, peripheral lymph node dissection - 2.6%, large-volume resections - 19.6% (including pneumonectomy - 1.7%, lobectomy - 8.5%, combined resections - 9.5%), pleurectomies - 13.9%. Stage-by-stage surgical treatment was performed in 5.5% of patients. Postoperative complications occurred after 1.9% of surgical procedures. All complications were successfully eliminated, there were no fatal outcomes, and effectiveness of comprehensive treatment was 100%. Conclusion Timely surgical treatment combined with antituberculous chemotherapy can enhance the effectiveness of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents.