A Rare Case of a Solitary Central Nervous System Tuberculoma Mimicking an Intracranial Tumor

Tuberculosis (TB) can sometimes involve the central nervous system (CNS), especially among immunocompromised patients, but it is an infrequent manifestation. Among immunocompetent individuals, CNS TB has only scarcely been described in the literature; when it is manifested as a solitary lesion (tuberculoma), it can mimic other CNS tumors, appearing with clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, such as headaches and vomiting. In this manuscript, we describe a case of a CNS tuberculoma, which presented as a cerebellum tumor with signs of increased intracranial pressure in an immunocompetent pregnant woman. Caesarian section and craniotomy with tumor excision were performed. Mycobacterium TB sensitive to rifampicin was identified in the tissue block, anti-TB treatment was initiated, and the patient's condition improved. The temporary immunosuppressive state of pregnancy may lead to the reactivation of TB infection, along with clinical manifestations from extrapulmonary sites, such as the CNS. Awareness of CNS tuberculomas and their clinical manifestations should be raised, as early recognition and treatment are important for a successful outcome.