Therapeutic vaccine: A novel immunological approach

AbstractOne of the innovative approaches to disease control is the use of therapeutic vaccination. A therapeutic vaccine is the combination of vaccination and an immunotherapeutic approach to combat illnesses and is given after the occurrence of a disease. They can be divided into therapeutic vaccines used for cancer, infectious diseases, and others. So far, multiple types of cancers have been identified for which conventional chemotherapy and surgical interventions are observed to be of no help. In such cases, the therapeutic vaccine strategy appears to be a new and promising area of research. Additionally, for infectious diseases such as Tuberculosis and HIV, the conventional therapeutic approach has not been useful in certain cases. Therapeutic vaccines play a vital role in bridging this gap for the treatment of multiple diseases. In this review article, we have discussed the different types of therapeutic vaccines available, their mechanism of action, commercially available examples, and some of the examples that are under different stages of the vaccine trial.