Impact Of Tuberculosis On Feto-Maternal Outcomes In Postnatal Cases Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

This study investigates the incidence, risk factors, and feto-maternal outcomes associated with postnatal TB in a sample of 167 cases at Timergara Teaching Hospital, Dir Lower. Among maternal outcomes, recovery with treatmentwas the most common, observed in 70 cases (42%), followed by prolonged illnessin 50 cases (30%). Postpartum hemorrhageaffected 15 cases (9%), while maternal mortalityand surgical interventionswere reported in 12 (7%) and 10 cases (6%), respectively, underscoring the significant challenges posed by postnatal TB. Fetal and neonatal outcomes revealed healthy birthsin 37 cases (22%), demonstrating resilience with proper interventions. However, adverse outcomes included preterm birthsin 30 cases (18%), low birth weightin 25 cases (15%), and developmental delaysand neonatal sepsis, each affecting 20 cases (12%). Respiratory distresswas seen in 15 cases (9%), while neonatal mortalityand failure to thrivewere recorded in 10 cases each (6%). The study also identified key risk factors influencing TB prevalence. Pulmonary TBaccounted for 72% of cases, highlighting the dominance of this form, while rural residence(66%) and overcrowded housing(58%) were significant environmental contributors. Low socioeconomic statuswas prevalent in 54% of cases, emphasizing the correlation between poverty and TB risk. Age-specific data revealed the highest incidence among individuals aged 20–30 years(48%), followed by those over 30 years(40%) and under 20 years(12%). Additionally, family history of TB(21%), malnutrition(24%), and vertical transmission(15%) were critical contributors to the disease burden. This study underscores the multifaceted impact of TB on maternal and neonatal health and highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions. Strengthened healthcare infrastructure, enhanced screening programs, and improved socioeconomic conditions areessential to mitigating the burden of TB and improving feto-maternal outcomes in vulnerable populations.