Prevalence of Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis among the Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Abstract Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a growing global health concern that is a chronic danger to world health due to tuberculosis (TB). Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of both pre extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (PXDRTB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (EXDRTB) in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Material and Method: A prospective study was performed at DHQ Teaching Hospital, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan from March 2023 to February 2024. A cohort of 220 eligible patients with drug-resistant TB, aged 20 to 70, participated. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and patient profiles and drug susceptibility testing were obtained. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 27. Results: Of the total patients, 32.72% (n=72) had PXDRTB, and 8.18% (n=18) had EXDRTB. All PXDRTB cases showed resistant to fluoroquinolone (FQ). Conclusion: In order to lessen the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis on public health, tailored treatments and ethical antibiotic usage are important. This is highlighted by the high incidence of FQ resistance. These results have consequences for the early detection, management, and avoidance of tuberculosis that is resistant to drugs.