Impact of Genetic Polymorphism on Pulmonary Function and Individualized Treatment Plan in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: Less than 10% of people infected with M. tuberculosis develop the disease, suggesting that there are individual differences in susceptibility to tuberculosis. Defective genes could impact the host's immune response toward any infection, including pulmonary TB. Numerous genetic risk loci like HLA-G, MMP-1, IFN-γ, TLR-2, MCP-1, NRAMP-1 and many others have been discovered by recent genome-wide association studies, which indicate a high polygenic heritability for tuberculosis. Aim: The aim of this review is to shed light on the potential effect of host genetic polymorphism on the degree of impairment in pulmonary function tests in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: Understanding the complex correlation between genetic variations and disease progression is crucial for improved disease diagnosis, treatment, and control. Genetic testing can help identify patients at risk of severe illness, monitor lung function, and lead to better patient outcomes, and earlier interventions.