Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> in an HIV-positive patient – Case Report

Abstract Introduction : The association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus can accelerate the deterioration of immunological functions. The risks are even more accentuated in the situation of a Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection. Case presentation : We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient, who was admitted at the hospital with non-specific symptoms. Further investigations reveal a remarkable particularity about the case: The infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis was urogenital, whereas the one with Non-tuberculous mycobacteria was pulmonary. Conclusion : Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Non-tuberculous strains can exist within the same infection, posing great difficulties for diagnosis, as well as the treatment scheme.