Spectrum of Patterns in Lymph Node Histopathology at A Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Hadoti Region

Background Lymph nodes are an integral part of immune system and, being the most widely distributed and easily accessible lymphoid tissue so they are frequently examined for diagnostic purposes. It is necessary to document the spectrum in a particular region to understand the trend and diseases occurring frequently in that region. The aim of this study is to evaluate spectrum of histopathological diagnosis among multiple etiologies of lymphadenopathy. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kota of all the lymph node biopsies received in our department over a period of one year from January 2023 to December 2023. Result A total of 102 patients were included, out of which females are 60 (59%) cases and males constituted 42 (41%) cases. Most common affected age group was 21-40 years and site was cervical with 42 (41.17%) cases. 54 cases (52.94%) showed changes of reactive lymphadenitis. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma ratio in male to female was 3:1, while that of tubercular lymphadenitis was 3:10. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma was seen contributing to 10 (40%) cases each. Conclusion It is evident that most common pattern in lymph node pathology is reactive lymphadenitis, affecting age group 21-40 years, majorly affecting females. Females are mostly involved in cases of tuberculosis with ratio being 3:10. In developing country such as India, this points to frequent population exposure to infections. This could indicate a need to strengthen primary and secondary levels of preventive measures.