Influence of Respiratory and Gut Microbiome on the Outcome of Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review

Tuberculosis (TB) which is caused by the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major health challenge, affecting millions of people globally. It also remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality specifically in countries with low and middle income. Recent research has shed light on the complex interplay between the human microbiome and TB, more particularly the respiratory and gut microbiota. Both respiratory and gut microbiome plays a regulatory role both in the incidence and progression of the disease. The intensive treatment protocols adopted for the treatment of tuberculosis also cause a greater impact on microbiome dysbiosis. Immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota play a major role in limiting the progression of the disease from latency and help to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis. This methodical comprehensive review was conducted across various scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar employing keywords like “tuberculosis and microbiome”, “microbiome and immunomodulation” and “microbiome and therapeutics”. Research studies published from 2017 to 2023 were included in this review. This comprehensive review aims to explore the influence of the respiratory and gut Microbiome on the outcome of tuberculosis, highlighting the role of microbial dysbiosis, immune response modulation and potential therapeutic interventions. How to cite this article:Selvabai RAP & Shanmugam P. Influence ofRespiratory and Gut Microbiome on the Outcomeof Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review. JCommun Dis. 2024;56(1):1-7.