Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: pathogenesis and risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, immune response

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are aquatic and geophilic environmental organisms that typically affect immunocompromised patients, with the majority of clinical cases being pulmonary infections caused by more than 150 species. The most commonly isolated and clinically significant species among them are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium abscessu, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium xenopi, and Mycobacterium marinum. The incidence and prevalence of pulmonary infections have increased worldwide. Pulmonary NTM disease typically affects the elderly population with chronic lung disease, but genetic predisposition and environmental exposures also play a role in acquiring the disease. Patients must meet all clinical, microbiological and radiological diagnostic criteria for a diagnosis of pulmonary NTM disease. Advances in molecular methods have enabled the detection of new species and the identification of NTM at the species and subspecies level. These microorganisms, which are difficult to diagnose and treat, have high recurrence rates. Although exposure ZET Tberkloz d mikobakteri (TDM)'ler aquafilik ve jeofilik evre organizmalardr. Genellikle bakl