Social determinants of health in the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in Puebla, Mexico, during 2022-2023

Background Tuberculosis (TB) has been considered a social disease, and the World Health Organization regards it as a severe global public health problem. Objective To determine the epidemiological profile of TB in Puebla, Mexico, in 2022 and 2023 and its relationship with the Social Determinants of Health (SDH). Material and methods Correlational and retrospective study with 2,002 subjects. Variables: TB profile (anatomical location, comorbidities, and drug resistance) and SDH (marginalization, educational level, and occupation). Results Negative correlations were found between educational level and occupation with TB and comorbidities (p = 0.05). No correlation was found between marginalization and TB profile (p = 0.05). The correlation between drug resistance and SDH was low or not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our study suggests that, although marginalization did not show a significant association with TB in the region, other determinants, such as educational level and occupation, did exhibit an inversely proportional relationship with the presence of the disease and its comorbidities.