Disseminated TB With IRIS Presenting as a Pancreatic Mass in Newly Diagnosed HIV: A Case Report

Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon extrapulmonary presentation of TB. Identification of coinfection with HIV may unmask not only disseminated TB but also immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). We present the case of a 70-year-old Indian woman newly diagnosed with AIDS and pancreatic tuberculosis with miliary disseminated disease. Her clinical course was complicated by IRIS related to HIV-TB coinfection despite sequential and targeted anti-infective therapies. We review the presentation, pathophysiology, and risk factors for developing IRIS with HIV and pancreatic TB.