Epidemiological determinants and quality of life in PLHIV patients with tuberculosis in Bihar State, India

Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TB among patients living with HIV in Patna district, India. It also assessed the factors contributing to co-infection and evaluated patients' quality of life. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Centre in Patna, India, for a period of eight months. The socio-demographic information was collected through a pre-defined semi-structured questionnaire administered by the interviewer during face-to-face interviews at the time of enrolment. Clinical details were obtained from the hospital records. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results The study showed that out of 289 people living with HIV, 31% had TB as a co-infection. Male patients had a higher probability of contracting HIV-TB co-infection compared to female patients. The study indicated that advanced WHO staging, male gender, past history of TB, and opportunistic infections were strong predictors. Conversely, the odds of HIV-TB co-infection reduced with a CD4 count of over 300 cells/mm3. However, an increase in age, lower socio-economic status, BMI below the normal range, and presence of comorbidities might increase the odds of HIV-TB co-infection but were not statistically significant. The QoL of HIV-TB patients was significantly lower than that of HIV-only patients. Conclusions People with low CD4 + T cell count are at a higher risk of developing TB due to HIV/TB co-infection. The baseline clinical staging of HIV is significantly correlated with TB co-infection. Those in WHO Clinical Stage III and IV have a four times higher risk of developing TB.