High rates of unfavourable TB treatment outcomes observed in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea

Setting Madang Province is located on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG), a critical mixing point between the populous highlands and more remote regions. Madang Province faces challenges with limited capacity to diagnose and treat TB. Objective To describe the TB caseload and investigate factors associated with known unfavourable treatment outcomes. Design This is a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected TB programmatic data for treatments commenced 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2021. Using multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with known unfavourable treatment outcomes-death, failure after treatment, and loss to follow-up (LTFU)-were evaluated. Results Of the 4,668 registered and treated, 3,755 had an evaluated outcome, and 33% had unfavourable outcomes, most commonly LTFU (23%). Unfavourable treatment outcomes were significantly associated with HIV-untested (aOR 2.82 compared to HIV-negative; 95% CI 2.39-3.33), having drug-resistant TB (aOR 3.26 compared to drug-susceptible TB, 95% CI 1.18-9.00), and travel time to the health facility 1- Conclusion High LTFU from TB treatment was associated with factors that indicate barriers to access to care and treatment completion. Decentralisation and strengthening of TB services for improved person-centred care and treatment support are urgently required in Madang Province.