Risk Factors of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Etiology Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) have many similarities in clinical symptoms. In patients with etiology-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), Aspergillus infection is easily overlooked, and missed diagnosis occurs. We attempted to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of EPTB combined with CPA (EPTB-CPA), and to suggest to clinicians the possibility of CPA in EPTB patients. Methods 58 patients with EPTB-CPA diagnosed and treated in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected as the case group. According to the age group of the case group, 174 patients with EPTB were randomly selected as the control group at a ratio of 1:3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the risk factors. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed on the pulmonary cavity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, emphysema, lung damage, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. Among them, pulmonary cavity (P = .001), COPD (P = .006), and bronchiectasis (P = .020) were statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that when EPTB patients present with pulmonary cavities and comorbidities such as COPD or bronchiectasis, clinicians should consider the possibility of CPA. Identifying these risk factors can help improve the accuracy of diagnosis and facilitate early detection and management of EPTB-CPA.