Factors Influencing the Medication Adherence in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate medication adherence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the factors influencing it in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients with pulmonary TB visiting one of 7 hospitals in 5 cities. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires between November 2021 and February 2022. Statistical analyses, including independent t–test, x² test, Fisher’s exact test, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis, were performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: Among 111 patients, 73 (65.8%) demonstrated adherence to medication. Significant factors influencing medication adherence were the duration of TB medication (less than 2 months, OR=4.79, 95% CI=1.39) and stigma I (community perspectives toward TB) - low (OR=4.53, 95% CI=1.36~15.06). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of medication adherence among patients with pulmonary TB was higher than before. To enhance medication adherence during an infectious disease epidemic, active management of the initial two-month intensive treatment period is crucial. Additionally, addressing psychosocial issues such as stigma is essential for improving overall adherence.