Retrospective Study for TB Cases in Kafr El-Shiekh from January 2010 to January 2019 and Role of GeneXpert in Diagnosis

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent (above HIV/AIDS) Worldwide. Each year millions of people continue to fall sick with. Aim of the Study The aim of this study was to find out tuberculosis pattern in Kafr EL-Shiekh Governorate during the period between January 2010 and January 2019 and role of GeneXpert in diagnosis of TB. Methods This retrospective study was carried out using medical records from the TB registry in Kafr EL-Shiekh Chest Hospital. The investigated variables included demographic characteristics, type of TB infection, and affected organs. All data were coded and statistically analyzed. Results through study period 1189 cases were recorded 82.5% of them were pulmonary TB and extrapulmonary founded in 17.5% cases. The mean age was 36.42 years and there was male predominance 57.4%, female was 42.6%, higher number of cases were reported in 2013. Tuberclin test was positive in 99.2% of cases and negative in 0.8% of cases and sputum positive in 74.2% of cases and negative in 25.8% of cases. Cases with sputum positive 96.9% had positive Z_N. stain, 98.2% positive culture and Gene expert positive in 27.6% of cases. 87.2% of cases treatment completed and treatment failure in 12.8%. sensitivity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of gene expert in diagnosing pulmonary TB cases founded to be 98.19%, 86.86%, 85.49% respectively, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of gene expert in diagnosing extra pulmonary TB cases founded to be 100%, 1.81%, 13.14%, 14.51% respectively. Conclusion TB affects the most productive age groups and this necessitates more attention in TB control programs targeting those age groups. Our findings suggest GeneXpert as a sensitive and specific powerful diagnostic method in patients of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis either AFB smear negative or positive due to its rapidity