Neumonía lipoidea exógena crónica y sobreinfección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Introduction: exogenous lipoid pneumonia is a rare inflammatory lung disease, triggered by inhalation or aspiration of fatty material of animal, vegetable or mineral origin. The diagnosis is established through histological confirmation by the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in respiratory samples, associated with the specific clinical characteristics at the time of presentation. It requires a high level of suspicion and an adequate anamnesis of the patient’s exposure history, since many cases are underdiagnosed and treated as community-acquired pneumonia, what delays its diagnosis and management, added to the absence of available guidelines for its treatment. Few cases of tuberculosis superinfection have been reported in patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia. Clinical case: 33-year-old female, with a history of chronic exposure to oily disinfectant substances without airway protection, with symptoms of cough and chest pain. Conclusion: early diagnosis, associated with supportive treatment, generally conservative, favors clinical and radiological improvement, thus reducing morbidity and mortality.