Features of the profile of drug resistance to first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection

BACKGROUND: Drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs directly affects the disease course. However, a high percentage of multidrug resistance in patients with HIV infection not only worsens the disease course but also forces the development of new strategies for managing such patients. AIMS: To characterize drug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with HIV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study recruited patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis by molecular genetic research methods and bacterial research methods in the Orenburg Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Dispensary. RESULTS: For 20182022, the proportion of people with HIV infection who are resistant to isoniazid by 14.6%, rifampicin by 28.85%, moxifloxacin by 717.39%, and amikacin by 104.25% has increased. The reduction in the choice of drugs and possibility of effective anti-tuberculosis therapy in people with HIV infection are also complicated by the detection of a multidrug-resistant culture in 20.34% of the examined patients and multidrug resistance in 39.6%. In over 5 years, the percentage of gene mutations of mycobacteria responsible for resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs has increased. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate the need to search for new solutions and prevent resistance to existing anti-tuberculosis drugs and for the development of new drugs effective for use as first- and second-line drugs.