Clinical symptoms and immune injury reflected by low CD4/CD8 ratio should increase the suspicion of HIV coinfection with tuberculosis

Patients who are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) benefit from timely diagnosis and treatment. In the present study frequencies of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients in the Kashi region of China infected with HIV, TB, and both HIV and TB (HIV-TB) were investigated to provide a basis for rapid identification of coinfected patients. A total of 62 patients with HIV, TB, or HIV-TB who were first hospitalized at our institution were included in the study, as were 30 controls. PBMCs were isolated, and the frequencies of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells were determined via flow cytometry. The frequency of CD4⁺ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower in the HIV-TB group than in the other three groups. In fever patients the frequency of CD4⁺ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group and the TB group. In patients who exhibited rapid weight loss there were no significant differences in the frequency of CD4⁺ T cells or the CD4/CD8 ratio between the groups. The results of treatment were compared in the HIV, TB, and HIV-TB groups after 7 days, and there were obvious improvements in the frequency of CD4⁺ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio. Clinical symptoms and the degree of immune injury can heighten suspicion for HIV-TB coinfection.