Dual Rifampicin and Isoniazid Mannose-Decorated Lipopolysaccharide Nanospheres for Macrophage- Targeted Lung Delivery

Background Currently, the treatment protocols for tuberculosis (TB) have several challenges, such as inconsistent oral bioavailability, dose-related adverse effects, and off-target drug toxicity. Methods This research reports the design and characterization of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) loaded hybrid lipid-polysaccharide nanoparticles using the solvent injection method, and demonstrated the influence of conjugated mannosyl residue on macrophage targeting and intracellular drug delivery capacity. Results The nanospheres, herein called mannose-decorated lipopolysaccharide nanoparticles, were spherical in shape, exhibiting average sizes less than 120 nm (PDI Conclusion Overall, the experimental results suggested that mannose-decorated lipopolysaccharide nanosystems hold promise towards safe and efficacious macrophage-targeted delivery of anti-TB therapeutics.