Detection of Multi-drug Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae from Sputum Samples among Icu Patients Utilizing Pcr And Vitek2 System

The study aimed to detect the rate of K. pneumoniae in sputum samples among patients with pneumoniae. It also strives to determine Klebsiella pneumonia isolates among ICU patients and the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae isolates. In the current study, 150 samples were collected from hospitalized adult male and female patients in the ICU unit. Growth of bacteria on MacConkey agar, chocolate agar and blood agar followed by gram staining were used for detection of the bacteria and confirmed by PCR. Out of the 150 study samples, only 39 (26%) samples of K. pneumoniae were identified, the remaining 111 samples were variants of bacteria mainly Acinetobacter baumannii. Frequency tabulations and the Chi-square test testing for statistical significance were performed using SPSS version 24. Consequently, the susceptibility rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics was determined by using the VITEK2 system. The results revealed that K. pneumonia isolates were less sensitive to Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefepem, and completely resistant to Ampicillin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Furthermore, the K. pneumoniae isolates were highly resistant to Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefuroxime followed by Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and Cefepem which showed equal rates of resistance. The study concludes that ICU patients are more vulnerable to contracting MDR Klebsiella pneumonia because of the high percent of susceptible patients in the ICU units, the frequent use of invasive devices and the excessive consumption of antibiotics exerting selective pressure on bacteria. Amid such observations, the study underscores the importance of (1) determining various resist typing patterns of antibiotics which is vital to produce new and highly effective antibiotics treatment and (2) targeting consumers, prescribers and pharmacy dispensers to reduce OTC antibiotics dispensing