Editorial: Beyond Th1: Novel concepts in tuberculosis vaccine immunology

Beyond Th1: Novel concepts in tuberculosis vaccine immunology 2021 marked the 100-year anniversary of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine to date. BCG protects infants from severe forms of pediatric TB, though fails to reliably protect adolescents and adults from pulmonary TB and is thus ineffective in curbing the ongoing TB epidemic. The 1.5 million TB deaths annually underline that the need for a new, more effective, TB vaccine is urgent.