Isoniazid prophylaxis: highly effective but underutilised to prevent tuberculosis in people living with HIV

In 2021, nearly 28 million (73%) of all people living with HIV accessed antiretroviral therapy; however, there were over half a million deaths in 2021, of which tuberculosis is the leading cause and a major contributor to advanced HIV disease.1,2 COVID-19 has led to clear declines in tuberculosis testing and treatment access with increased morbidity and mortality.2 The tools to diagnose tuberculosis in people living with HIV exist, now supported with lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan assays and near point-of-care molecular technologies.