[Focus on epidemics of infectious diseases, prevention of risk of cross-border transmission].

Since the proposing the initiative of jointly building Belt and Road by China in 2013, as of December 9, 2021, 145 countries had signed cooperation agreements, covering six continents around the world. Differences in economic development level and natural conditions might lead to different epidemics of infectious diseases and spread risks. The articles in this issue briefly describe the epidemic situation and prevention and control challenges of four infectious diseases globally, including HIV/AIDS, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, dengue fever and malaria, and report the epidemic situation and trends of the above mentioned four diseases in the Belt and Road countries to provide epidemiological evidence for the Belt and Road initiative and the development of public health security policy.