Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of Rifampin resistant and susceptible tuberculosis patients

Background Raman spectroscopy is an effective tool for detecting and discriminating microorganisms that is robust, reliable, and rapid. Objectives To develop a polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) based on Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) technique with principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to assess diagnostic capability of SERS for distinguishing between tuberculosis (TB) positive rifampin resistant and tuberculosis (TB) positive rifampin susceptible samples. Methods Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were used as SERS substrates and technique was used to distinguish TB positive rifampin (RIF) resistant and TB positive rifampin (RIF) susceptible patients on the basis of characteristic SERS spectral features of their respective PCR products. SERS spectra were acquired from 52 samples of PCR products including 22 samples of TB positive rifampin susceptible, 30 samples of TB positive rifampin resistant and negative control samples. All these samples were collected from individuals of same age. Furthermore, multivariate data analyses techniques such as PCA and PLS-DA were used to assess diagnostic capability of SERS for distinguishing between TB positive rifampin resistant and TB positive rifampin susceptible samples. Results PCA is found helpful for successful differentiation among these two groups of spectral data sets. Moreover, PLS-DA provides this classification quantitatively by predicting the class of SERS spectral data set with 73% area under curve, 96% sensitivity, 95.6% specificity and 95% accuracy. Conclusion SERS can be employed for the rapid distinguishing between TB positive rifampin resistant and TB positive rifampin susceptible samples.