Conventional to point of care devices for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly illness that mostly affects the lungs and is caused by the pathogenic bacterium M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis bacteria transmit from individual to individual via tiny respiratory droplets. The illness usually affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), but it could also impact other parts of the body (extra-pulmonary TB). M. tuberculosis infects around 1/4th of the world's population. The contamination of TB is a serious public health concern because it may develop as a complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection (AIDS). As a result, detecting, identifying, and quantifying M. tuberculosis is critical for worldwide public health protection. In clinical diagnosis, food analysis, bioprocess, and environmental monitoring, biosensing technologies have the potential to enhance TB detection and supervision. For the detection of M. tuberculosis, a range of transferrable, fast, and sensitive biosensors with instant "on-the-spot" interpretation has been developed. TB is a disease that is caused by the interplay of genetic components, activity recognition, and fundamental signaling transduction processes. The present review mainly concerns the current developments in electrochemical biosensors for the analysis of pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Besides this, the advantages of biosensors over conventional methods have also been discussed.