Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis

A 45-year-old woman presented with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) with a 54% blast count. The patient developed frank hemoptysis during cycle 1 of consolidation therapy with cytarabine and midostaurin following induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and idarubicin. Sputum collected at that time was mycobacterial smear negative but culture identified drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Since she had AMML with a high risk for relapse, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) was planned. In consultation with TB services, the transplant occurred after 45 days of TB treatment. We report a successful HSCT in a patient while undergoing treatment for active TB.