Retrospective analysis of rifampicin-resistant pattern of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in secondary referral hospital Offa, Nigeria

Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis as Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among infectious agents and has constituted a threat to global health security. Despite major efforts to increase case detection, an estimated one-third of new tuberculosis cases are still being missed each year, due to unavailability of a rapid, low-cost, accurate diagnostic method as Nigeria health systems still rely heavily on out-dated tuberculosis diagnostic tests; including sputum smear microscopy and chest radiography. Methods and materials: This sought to conduct a retrospective review of presumptive TB register of patients screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) using Xpert MTB/RIF assay at General Hospital Offa in Kwara State Nigeria between January to December 2018 in order to access the on-going efforts such as quarterly surveillance, improved infrastructural facilities and intense media advocacy on Tuberculosis by Kwara state government on prevention of Tuberculosis in Kwara State. Results: Overall, 63 (10.6%) of the sputum specimens were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis while 4 (6.3%) showed rifampicin resistance out 63 (10%) of patients positive for Mycobacteria tuberculosis. There is a high recovery rate of Mycobacteria tuberculosis among women than men as this study recovers 52.4% and 47.6% in male and female respectively. This study documents low frequency of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis particularly within the female population using highly sensitive and specific Xpert MTB/RIF in Kwara State. Conclusion: Use of validated molecular method for MTB strain detection has proven the stronger epidemiological impetus for an enhanced care management outcome especially in resources limited regions.