The Burdon and determinant of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopian federal prison facilities

Background: TB incidence in prisons remain high compared to general population, Hence In line with the global target of end TB, prevention strategy must focus on high TB hot spot and transmission area. Methods and materials: Method: Cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from symptomatic individuals within period of January1, 2017 to may 31, 2017. Results: There were 16,860 Prisoners in five prison facilities and 302 of them were eligible, sputum sample were diagnosed Using MTB/RIF Assay & TB culture. Total of 15 definitive cases of TB were confirmed &Cumulative incidence rate for five federal prisons were 487.8 per 100,000 Prison populations. Two Setting Dire Dawa & Zeway found to be high TB Prevalent prison facilities with the rate of 1200 & 843 definitive cases of TB per 100,000 Prison populations respectively. Previous TB treatment history & TB contact history found to be risk factor OR 3.6 (1.2–10.8:95%CI: p < 0.018) &OR 4.2 (1.1–15.4:95%CI p < 0.029) respectively. likelihood of being TB positive were high in prisoners with cough OR 22.7 (95%C.I; 2.87–180.6: p < 0.003). Being imprisoned less than 6 months period less likely to be TB positive compared to >48 months imprisonment OR 0.07 (0.02–0.2;95%C.I p < 0.003).living in a prison room with >4 windows which is open daily has less risk of developing TB compared with a room with <3 window OR0.04 (0.02–0.1:95% CI: p < 0.0001). The odds of being divorced found to be 18.1 times having Risk of TB compared to other marital status category AOR = 18.21 (95 CI: 2.46–133: p < 0.004). Conclusion: TB Incidence in Ethiopia federal prison was 2.7 times higher than the national estimate of 177 per 100,000 Populations. Heterogeneous TB incidence rate is evident from this study which is a clue for disproportionate level of care at high volume prison in Ethiopia.