Do PLHIV know and adhere to Isoniazid preventive therapy in health facilities in Southeast Nigeria?

<b>Background:</b> Adherence to Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) is vital for the prevention of tuberculosis among People Living with HIV (PLHIV). This study assessed the knowledge and adherence to IPT among PLHIV in selected facilities in South-East Nigeria <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2019 in 6 of the 8 high patient load (&gt;100 HIV patients) comprehensive care facilities in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Two hundred PLHIV on care for ≥6 months were selected by systematic random sampling and proportionate allocation. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Adherence was assessed by self-reports as adherence grading was missing in the treatment cards. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS version 20 at 95% level of significance. <b>Results:</b> Respondents were mostly females (73.5%) with overall mean age of 39.4±10.3. A third of the respondents had primary school education Majority of the respondents had been on ART for &gt;1 year (85.0%). Over half of them had ever received IPT (55.0%) and been counselled on IPT (62.0%). Few (17.5%) were currently on IPT during the study. Most respondents had poor knowledge of IPT (60.0%). Only 11% and 41.0% knew the name of the drug used for IPT and the duration of IPT respectively. The only predictor of IPT knowledge was marital status (AOR=1.96; 95% CI:1.03–3.74; P=0.041). Out of those who were on IPT, majority (91.4%) reported good adherence in the 30 days preceding the survey. Only 1 patient missed taking IPT 3 days before the survey. <b>Conclusions:</b> There was poor knowledge of IPT however self-reported adherence was high. We recommend focused IPT education for PLHIV.