Melioidosis: An emerging infection in India

Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, has been described as the great mimic, as disease manifestations are protean. It is present in the soil and surface water in endemic regions. Although initially thought to be endemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, there has been an emergence of this infection in areas where it was previously absent. In recent years, environmental and clinical studies have shown a significant presence of melioidosis in India. The epidemic of diabetes, the most significant risk factor, could result in a surge of cases of melioidosis in India. Melioidosis can closely mimic tuberculosis. Increased awareness, a high index of suspicion and prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to melioidosis.