Host Pathogen Interaction-Mycobacterium and Host Macrophages

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an intracellular parasite that mainly attacks macrophages and establish a niche to survive in macrophages. It can become a long-term infection in humans and animals, causing a series of pathological changes and clinical manifestations. In this article, we summarizes how mycobacterium evades innate immunity and establish a niche in the host cell macrophages. Firstly it evades from the immune detection by masking, it manipulates the TLR response, manipulation of the antigen presentation by MHC, inhibition of phagosomal maturation in which Iron, Hydrogen and Calcium ions down regulation play an important role and phagosomally sosomal fusion, Inhibition of acidification of Phagolysosomes, Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and the Function of Reactive Oxygen and Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates, and inhibition of the apoptosis and autophagy of macrophages. A thorough understanding of this host pathogen interaction and thus immune escape of Mycobacterium an intracellular pathogen is of major importance for the prevention and diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.