Analysis of early postoperative complications in patients underwent pneumonectomy for unilateral destructive pulmonary tuberculosis

<b>Introduction:</b> Often pneumonectomy remains the last chance to cure a patient with destructive pulmonary TB. The frequency of postoperative complications remains quite high. <b>Objectives:</b> Assess the frequency and structure of postoperative complications, identify the factors affecting them. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective study. 69 patients, who had pneumonectomy for unilateral destructive pulmonary TB, years 2015 to 2017. <b>Results:</b> At the time of surgery sputum smear were positive in 46 (66,7%) patients, 23 (33,3%) were abacilated. The drug sensitivity of MTB was present in 16 (23,1%) patients. MDR - in 16 (23,2%), XDR - in 37 (53,6%). Side of the operation, completion pneumonectomy, total obliteration of the pleural cavity, operating time, blood loss, intraoperative contamination had no significant influence on the development of early postoperative complications (p&gt;0,05). Early postoperative complications in accordance with the OTMM classification system were reported in 42 (60,9%) patients. Major complications were reported in 13 (18,8%) cases. Pulmonary complications were found in 6 (10%) patients, pleural - 32 (53,3%), wound - 7 (11,7%), cardiovascular - 9 (15%), gastrointestinal – 4 (6, 7%), neurological - 2 (3,3%). Postoperative mortality – 1 (1,4%). A significant risk factor for the development of postoperative complications was the presence of MDR/XDR MTB, positive sputum smear at the time of surgery (p&lt;0,05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The structure of the complications is dominated by pleural complications. The presence of MDR/XDR MTB and positive sputum smear at the time of surgery are significant risk factors for the development of early postoperative complications.