Burden of the primary drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients

<b>Introduction:</b> Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the global challenges in TB Control. In the Russian Federation, TB incidence, prevalence and death rates have been decreasing since 2010. Nevertheless the burden of MDR-TB and co-infection (HIV-TB) remains. <b>Aims:</b> To study drug resistance among new TB cases in HIV-positive patients (Pts) in comparison with HIV-negative pts. <b>Methods:</b> Multicentral study was performed in 6 Russian regions with high prevalence of HIV in 2018. A representative random sample of cultures from new TB cases, obtained before the onset of treatment, from each region was made. Thus we collected 150 cultures from HIV negative cases and 53 from HIV positive. Drug sensittivity testing (DST) was performed on liquid media to H; R; E; Z, Ofx, Lfx, Mfx, Km, Am, Сm. <b>Results:</b> Total drug resistance (DR) was prevalent in HIV-positive pts in comparison with HIV-negative [60.4% vs 50.7%, OR = 1.445, 95% CI 0.764-4.2731]. Proportion of MDR-TB appeared to be 1.8 times significantly higher [45.3% vs 25.2%, OR = 2.439, 95% CI 1.268-4.692]. XDR-TB was prevalent in HIV-positive patients also as a tendency [33.0% vs 18.4%, OR = 2.214, 95% CI 0.680-7.208]. <b>Conclusions:</b> MDR-TB tuberculosis in comparison with HIV-negative pts. MDR TB was found 1.8 times more often among HIV-positive new TB pts. The causes of this phenomenon are to be investigated. We continue our research in the direction of estimation bacterial density in HIV+ and HIV- and MDR-TB clonal distribution in HIV affected areas.