Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection rates by molecular genetic methods among patients with tuberculosis in the Russian Federation

<b>Introduction:</b> Molecular genetic methods (MGM) provide rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA and DST. It is critical important for TB and HIV co-infected patients due to acute and severe TB manifestation. <b>Aims:</b> To study efficiency of MTB DNA detection (MTBD) by MGM among new TB cases with HIV positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) status. <b>Methods:</b> 9 TB hospitals from different Russian regions were randomly selected and 433 new TB cases, detected in 2018, were included in study: 115 HIV+, 318 HIV- patients. We used real-time PCR (Amplitub-qPCR) for MTBD. Detection rate was defined as the proportion of cases, verified by PCR to all included TB cases. <b>Results:</b> Clinical manifestations of TB were: pulmonary tuberculosis without cavity (PTB) (235 cases), PTB with cavity (PTBC) (175 cases), extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) (23 cases). Proportion of TB clinical manifestations in HIV⁺ patients: EPTB (5.2%) &lt;PTBC (27.0%) &lt;PTB (67.8%) Proportion of TB clinical manifestations in HIV^- patients: EPTB (5.3%) &lt;PTBC (45.3%) &lt;PTB (49.4%) Table. The efficiency of MTBD depending on HIV-status and clinical manifestations (%). <b>Conclusion:</b> The efficiency of MTBD by used PCR systems comprised 73.7%. There was high efficiency of MTBD for new TB cases with HIV+ and HIV- status. The efficiency of MTBD for new EPTB cases with HIV- was fairly high – 58.8%.