Changes in Host Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Associated With Type 2 Diabetes: Beyond Hyperglycemia

Tuberculosis (TB) remains as the first cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide. Global incidence of tuberculosis is in part coincident with incidence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Incidence of T2DM is recognized as a high-risk factor that may contribute to tuberculosis dissemination. However, mechanisms which favor infection under T2DM are just starting to emerge. Here, we first discuss the evidences that are available to support a metabolic connection between TB and T2DM. Then, we analyze the evidences of metabolic changes which occur during T2DM gathered thus far for its influence on susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection and TB progression, such as hyperglycemia, increase of Hb1Ac levels, increase of triglycerides levels, reduction of HDL-cholesterol levels, increased concentration of lipoproteins and modification of the activity of some hormones related to the control of metabolic parameters. Finally, we recognize possible advantages of metabolic management of immunity to develop new strategies for treatment, diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis.