Features of the effector cells state in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with hypersensitivity indications to anti-TB drugs

Treatment of tuberculosis in almost 50.0 % of patients leads to side effects.Objective — to evaluate of the state of effector cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, depending on the presence of clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity to anti-TB drugs.Materials and methods. Clinical and immunological examination was performed in 38 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which were divided into two groups: 1 — with the presence of typical clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity to anti-TB drugs; 2 — without apparent clinical signs of hypersensitivity, the control group consisted of 30 donors of blood. The state of effector cells was evaluated according to T-cell, B-cell immunity and phagocyte cell status.Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of the status of effector cells in patients with tubercu­losis in both groups revealed that patients in group 1 had a significantly higher percentage of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the blood, and a more pronounced tension of humoral immunity, manifested by high levels of Immunoglobulin E Class, small circulating immune complexes and high titer of anti-tuberculosis antibodies.Conclusions. The decrease in the phagocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes in the blood is an adverse factor that may accompany the formation of the anergy of these important cells for anti-tuberculosis protection. Markers of the presence of hypersensitivity to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may be elevated levels: IgE in the blood (3 times and above the control), small CIC (1.5 times and above control), accompanied by a high titre of anti-TB antibodies (at 6 times and above the control), indicating a predisposition to allergic reactions and in the presence of clinical symptoms of allergy requires appropriate correction of treatment.