Global scenario of paratuberculosis: a threat to livestock sector

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) implicated in paratuberculosis (PTB) infection in animals and Crohn’s disease in human poses enormous economic loss to the farmers. The noticeable withstand ability of organism to environment, faecal shedding of organism during subclinical and clinical infection consequence frequent outbreak. The obvious view of geographical distribution of PTB all over the world is needed in order to manage the disease outbreaks in a prompt manner, implementation of disease control programme in an efficient way and also for international smooth trading of animals without any further outbreak. Global scenario of PTB has been concluded in the present context on the basis of available previous prevalence studies of PTB in different continents. Prevalence of PTB in Africa (53%), India (23.3%), Europe (20%), South America (18.3%), North America (16.9%) and Australia (6.8%) has been documented. This review tries to bring out a clear picture about the prevalence of PTB throughout the world in domesticated animals which may help in understanding the geographical distribution of the disease according to its epidemiological importance and minimizing the endemicity of disease.