Protemic discovery and validation of diagnostic plasma biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis

Despite more than a century fighting against tuberculosis, the World Health Organisation has estimated that around 1.7 million people died of tuberculosis in 2016 and over a quarter of the world's population is infected (1). One of the critical hurdles for stopping tuberculosis transmission is early and effective diagnosis of patients with the active pulmonary disease. Although important innovations in molecular diagnosis have been recently developed (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF, Cepheid Inc., USA), there are no suitable tests for population screening at point-of-care (2, 3). The current tuberculosis diagnosis pipeline presents a highly variable performance and requires access to reference laboratory facilities (3). A non-sputum based rapid test with high specificity and sensitivity could save ~400,000 lives per year (4). Therefore, new biomarkers for diagnosis are urgently required for identifying patients with early symptoms and to expedite treatment. Variable sensitivity and specificity can be overcome using a combination of multiple biomarkers (5). Proteins, as ultimate biological effectors, are ideal candidates for diagnostic biomarkers; consequently, proteomic studies are a crucial platform for biomarker discovery ... (continues)