Factors affecting time to sputum culture conversion and treatment outcome of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China

Background Few prospective cohort studies, none in China, have investigated the relationship between treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients and sputum culture conversion. Factors affecting the time of the culture conversion throughout the whole course of the treatment have rarely been investigated. Methods This study was performed in four cities in Jiangsu province, China. MDR-TB patients were consecutively enrolled between December 2011 and March 2014. Rates of sputum culture conversion were calculated and Cox proportional-hazards model was performed. Factors contributing to sputum culture conversion were investigated. Results In all, 139 MDR-TB patients with treatment outcomes were enrolled. Median time to culture conversion among those who converted was 91.5 days (interquartile range, 34.0-110.8 days). After multivariable analysis, smoking (HR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23-0.83), drinking (HR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.21-0.81), ofloxacin resistance (HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.24-0.76) and sputum smear grade > 1 (HR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.31-0.83) were less likely to have culture conversion. Conclusions MDR-TB patients who smoke, drink, have ofloxacin resistance, or a high smear grade are less likely to respond to treatment and should be meticulously followed up.